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igfbp4 standards  (R&D Systems)


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    R&D Systems igfbp4 standards
    Fig. 2. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), igf1r (B), HSF-1 (C), igfbp2 (D), igfbp3 (E), <t>igfbp4</t> (F), insr (G), lepr (H) and lif (I) genes in uterine samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) lines. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).
    Igfbp4 Standards, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 15 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+recombinant+igfbp+4/Recombinant+Human+IGFBP-4+Protein%2C+CF/pm40158446-82-8-10
    Average 93 stars, based on 15 article reviews
    igfbp4 standards - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "The special phenotypic characteristics of Dummerstorf superfertile mouse lines could depend on the expression levels of IGF-axis genes."

    Article Title: The special phenotypic characteristics of Dummerstorf superfertile mouse lines could depend on the expression levels of IGF-axis genes.

    Journal: Reproductive biology

    doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101012

    Fig. 2. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), igf1r (B), HSF-1 (C), igfbp2 (D), igfbp3 (E), igfbp4 (F), insr (G), lepr (H) and lif (I) genes in uterine samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) lines. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 2. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), igf1r (B), HSF-1 (C), igfbp2 (D), igfbp3 (E), igfbp4 (F), insr (G), lepr (H) and lif (I) genes in uterine samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) lines. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Techniques Used: Expressing, IF-P

    Fig. 4. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), hsf1 (B), igfbp2 (C), igfbp3 (D) and igfbp4 (E) genes in follicle samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 4. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), hsf1 (B), igfbp2 (C), igfbp3 (D) and igfbp4 (E) genes in follicle samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Techniques Used: Expressing, IF-P

    Fig. 3. Quantity of IGFBP2 (A), IGFBP3 (B) and IGFBP4 (C) binding to the IGF2 protein in uterus samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. This quantity has been measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method, eliminating the background (Arbitrary Unit, AU). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 3. Quantity of IGFBP2 (A), IGFBP3 (B) and IGFBP4 (C) binding to the IGF2 protein in uterus samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. This quantity has been measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method, eliminating the background (Arbitrary Unit, AU). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay, IF-P

    Fig. 6. Expression levels of igfbp2 (A), igfbp3 (B) and igfbp4 (C) in liver samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005). The outliers were analyzed by the ROUT method using GraphPad and excluded.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 6. Expression levels of igfbp2 (A), igfbp3 (B) and igfbp4 (C) in liver samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005). The outliers were analyzed by the ROUT method using GraphPad and excluded.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, IF-P

    Related Articles

    Control:

    Article Title: Indirect targeting of IGF receptor signaling in vivo by substrate-selective inhibition of PAPP-A proteolytic activity
    Article Snippet: .. Varying doses of an irrelevant control IgG2a antibody (BioXCell) or PAPP-A mAb 1/41 were added 1 h prior to the addition of recombinant human IGF-I (50 ng/ml, R&D Systems), or IGF-I and human recombinant IGFBP-4 (50/500 ng/ml, R&D Systems) pre-incubated for 30 minutes to allow the IGF/IGFBP-4 complex to form. .. Fifteen minutes after IGF stimulation, conditioned media were collected and cells fixed and permeabilized for In-Cell Western analysis (LI-COR).

    Article Title: Indirect targeting of IGF receptor signaling in vivo by substrate-selective inhibition of PAPP-A proteolytic activity.
    Article Snippet: .. Varying doses of an irrelevant control IgG2a antibody (BioXCell) or PAPP-A mAb 1/41 were added 1 h prior to the addition of recombinant human IGF-I (50 ng/ml, R&D Systems), or IGF-I and human recombinant IGFBP-4 (50/500 ng/ml, R&D Systems) pre-incubated for 30 minutes to allow the IGF/IGFBP-4 complex to form. .. Fifteen minutes after IGF stimulation, conditioned media were collected and cells fixed and permeabilized for InCell Western analysis (LI-COR).

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: Indirect targeting of IGF receptor signaling in vivo by substrate-selective inhibition of PAPP-A proteolytic activity
    Article Snippet: .. Varying doses of an irrelevant control IgG2a antibody (BioXCell) or PAPP-A mAb 1/41 were added 1 h prior to the addition of recombinant human IGF-I (50 ng/ml, R&D Systems), or IGF-I and human recombinant IGFBP-4 (50/500 ng/ml, R&D Systems) pre-incubated for 30 minutes to allow the IGF/IGFBP-4 complex to form. .. Fifteen minutes after IGF stimulation, conditioned media were collected and cells fixed and permeabilized for In-Cell Western analysis (LI-COR).

    Article Title: Indirect targeting of IGF receptor signaling in vivo by substrate-selective inhibition of PAPP-A proteolytic activity.
    Article Snippet: .. Varying doses of an irrelevant control IgG2a antibody (BioXCell) or PAPP-A mAb 1/41 were added 1 h prior to the addition of recombinant human IGF-I (50 ng/ml, R&D Systems), or IGF-I and human recombinant IGFBP-4 (50/500 ng/ml, R&D Systems) pre-incubated for 30 minutes to allow the IGF/IGFBP-4 complex to form. .. Fifteen minutes after IGF stimulation, conditioned media were collected and cells fixed and permeabilized for InCell Western analysis (LI-COR).



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    Fig. 2. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), igf1r (B), HSF-1 (C), igfbp2 (D), igfbp3 (E), <t>igfbp4</t> (F), insr (G), lepr (H) and lif (I) genes in uterine samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) lines. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).
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    Expression pattern of components of the STC2 - PAPP-A - <t>IGFBP4</t> - IGF1 axis. a. Carotid plaques stained by masson trichrome and immunohistochemistry for STC2, PAPP-A, IGFBP4, and IGF1R. Arrowheads point to examples of stained cells. b. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from Wirka et al., 2019, displayed as UMAPs showing annotated cell populations, and expression pattern of PAPP-A , STC2 , IGFBP4 , IGF1R , and IGF1 . SMC = smooth muscle cell; mSMC = modulated SMC; EC = endothelial cell.
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    Fig. 2. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), igf1r (B), HSF-1 (C), igfbp2 (D), igfbp3 (E), igfbp4 (F), insr (G), lepr (H) and lif (I) genes in uterine samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) lines. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Journal: Reproductive biology

    Article Title: The special phenotypic characteristics of Dummerstorf superfertile mouse lines could depend on the expression levels of IGF-axis genes.

    doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101012

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), igf1r (B), HSF-1 (C), igfbp2 (D), igfbp3 (E), igfbp4 (F), insr (G), lepr (H) and lif (I) genes in uterine samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) lines. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Article Snippet: Serial dilutions of recombinant human IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 standards (R&D Systems, Wiesbaden, Germany) in artificial serum matrix (Biopanda, County Down, United Kingdom) were subjected to the same treatment.

    Techniques: Expressing, IF-P

    Fig. 4. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), hsf1 (B), igfbp2 (C), igfbp3 (D) and igfbp4 (E) genes in follicle samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Journal: Reproductive biology

    Article Title: The special phenotypic characteristics of Dummerstorf superfertile mouse lines could depend on the expression levels of IGF-axis genes.

    doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101012

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Expression levels of the igf1 (A), hsf1 (B), igfbp2 (C), igfbp3 (D) and igfbp4 (E) genes in follicle samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Article Snippet: Serial dilutions of recombinant human IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 standards (R&D Systems, Wiesbaden, Germany) in artificial serum matrix (Biopanda, County Down, United Kingdom) were subjected to the same treatment.

    Techniques: Expressing, IF-P

    Fig. 3. Quantity of IGFBP2 (A), IGFBP3 (B) and IGFBP4 (C) binding to the IGF2 protein in uterus samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. This quantity has been measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method, eliminating the background (Arbitrary Unit, AU). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Journal: Reproductive biology

    Article Title: The special phenotypic characteristics of Dummerstorf superfertile mouse lines could depend on the expression levels of IGF-axis genes.

    doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101012

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Quantity of IGFBP2 (A), IGFBP3 (B) and IGFBP4 (C) binding to the IGF2 protein in uterus samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. This quantity has been measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method, eliminating the background (Arbitrary Unit, AU). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005).

    Article Snippet: Serial dilutions of recombinant human IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 standards (R&D Systems, Wiesbaden, Germany) in artificial serum matrix (Biopanda, County Down, United Kingdom) were subjected to the same treatment.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, IF-P

    Fig. 6. Expression levels of igfbp2 (A), igfbp3 (B) and igfbp4 (C) in liver samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005). The outliers were analyzed by the ROUT method using GraphPad and excluded.

    Journal: Reproductive biology

    Article Title: The special phenotypic characteristics of Dummerstorf superfertile mouse lines could depend on the expression levels of IGF-axis genes.

    doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101012

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Expression levels of igfbp2 (A), igfbp3 (B) and igfbp4 (C) in liver samples from the FL1 (red) and FL2 (green) lines compared to those from the ctrl (blue) line. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) and were considered significant if p < 0.05 (Bonferroni posttest: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005). The outliers were analyzed by the ROUT method using GraphPad and excluded.

    Article Snippet: Serial dilutions of recombinant human IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 standards (R&D Systems, Wiesbaden, Germany) in artificial serum matrix (Biopanda, County Down, United Kingdom) were subjected to the same treatment.

    Techniques: Expressing, IF-P

    Expression pattern of components of the STC2 - PAPP-A - IGFBP4 - IGF1 axis. a. Carotid plaques stained by masson trichrome and immunohistochemistry for STC2, PAPP-A, IGFBP4, and IGF1R. Arrowheads point to examples of stained cells. b. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from Wirka et al., 2019, displayed as UMAPs showing annotated cell populations, and expression pattern of PAPP-A , STC2 , IGFBP4 , IGF1R , and IGF1 . SMC = smooth muscle cell; mSMC = modulated SMC; EC = endothelial cell.

    Journal: Atherosclerosis Plus

    Article Title: The pro-atherogenic enzyme PAPP-A is active in eluates from human carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques

    doi: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.09.001

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression pattern of components of the STC2 - PAPP-A - IGFBP4 - IGF1 axis. a. Carotid plaques stained by masson trichrome and immunohistochemistry for STC2, PAPP-A, IGFBP4, and IGF1R. Arrowheads point to examples of stained cells. b. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from Wirka et al., 2019, displayed as UMAPs showing annotated cell populations, and expression pattern of PAPP-A , STC2 , IGFBP4 , IGF1R , and IGF1 . SMC = smooth muscle cell; mSMC = modulated SMC; EC = endothelial cell.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IGFBP4 from RnD Systems (Cat# 804-GB-025) and IGF1 from Austral Biologicals (Cat# GF-050-8) were pre-incubated in media/PBS? and added to all conditioned media from different plaque?-incubations (200 μL) in a final concentration of 1200 ng/mL (of both IGF1 and IGFBP4).

    Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Immunohistochemistry, RNA Sequencing

    Proteolytically active PAPP-A is present in atherosclerotic plaques. a. Study design: Plaque samples from carotid and femoral arteries were incubated in culture media for 24 h, and conditioned media was harvested for analyses. b-c. PAPP-A (b) and STC2 (c) concentration in conditioned media after 24 h of incubation quantified by ELISA. d. Principle of PAPP-A activity assay: Recombinant IGFBP4:IGF1 complex (32 kDa) is incubated with sample containing active PAPP-A resulting in proteolytic cleavage to 14 kDa IGFBP4 fragments. e. Conditioned media from each of the 20 plaque samples were incubated with recombinant IGFBP4:IGF1 for 0 or 24 h and analysed for IGFBP4 cleavage by Western blotting. In all samples, no IGFBP4 fragments are detected at the 0-h time point, but IGFBP4 fragments emerges after 24 h. No PAPP-A activity was detected in the media without tissue incubation (media 24 h). f. Quantitation of PAPP-A activity based on Western blotting. g. Correlation between PAPP-A concentration and -activity. h. Correlation between PAPP-A:STC2 molar ratio and PAPP-A activity. i. PAPP-A:STC2 molar ratio in conditioned media.

    Journal: Atherosclerosis Plus

    Article Title: The pro-atherogenic enzyme PAPP-A is active in eluates from human carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques

    doi: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.09.001

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Proteolytically active PAPP-A is present in atherosclerotic plaques. a. Study design: Plaque samples from carotid and femoral arteries were incubated in culture media for 24 h, and conditioned media was harvested for analyses. b-c. PAPP-A (b) and STC2 (c) concentration in conditioned media after 24 h of incubation quantified by ELISA. d. Principle of PAPP-A activity assay: Recombinant IGFBP4:IGF1 complex (32 kDa) is incubated with sample containing active PAPP-A resulting in proteolytic cleavage to 14 kDa IGFBP4 fragments. e. Conditioned media from each of the 20 plaque samples were incubated with recombinant IGFBP4:IGF1 for 0 or 24 h and analysed for IGFBP4 cleavage by Western blotting. In all samples, no IGFBP4 fragments are detected at the 0-h time point, but IGFBP4 fragments emerges after 24 h. No PAPP-A activity was detected in the media without tissue incubation (media 24 h). f. Quantitation of PAPP-A activity based on Western blotting. g. Correlation between PAPP-A concentration and -activity. h. Correlation between PAPP-A:STC2 molar ratio and PAPP-A activity. i. PAPP-A:STC2 molar ratio in conditioned media.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant human IGFBP4 from RnD Systems (Cat# 804-GB-025) and IGF1 from Austral Biologicals (Cat# GF-050-8) were pre-incubated in media/PBS? and added to all conditioned media from different plaque?-incubations (200 μL) in a final concentration of 1200 ng/mL (of both IGF1 and IGFBP4).

    Techniques: Incubation, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Recombinant, Western Blot, Quantitation Assay

    Correlation of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), CT‐IGFBP‐4, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in a study cohort of patients with acute heart failure.

    Journal: ESC Heart Failure

    Article Title: CT‐IGFBP‐4 as a novel prognostic biomarker in acute heart failure

    doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12590

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), CT‐IGFBP‐4, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in a study cohort of patients with acute heart failure.

    Article Snippet: The monoclonal antibodies IBP163, IBP182 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (IBP182 HRP ), recombinant human CT‐IGFBP‐4, amino‐terminal fragment of IGFBP‐4 (NT‐IGFBP‐4), and IGFBP‐4 were obtained from HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland.

    Techniques:

    N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) (A), CT‐IGFBP‐4 (B), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (C) concentrations at admission in 1 year survivors and non‐survivors with acute heart failure. The central line represents median, box represents interquartile range, and whiskers represent 5 th and 95 th percentiles.

    Journal: ESC Heart Failure

    Article Title: CT‐IGFBP‐4 as a novel prognostic biomarker in acute heart failure

    doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12590

    Figure Lengend Snippet: N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) (A), CT‐IGFBP‐4 (B), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (C) concentrations at admission in 1 year survivors and non‐survivors with acute heart failure. The central line represents median, box represents interquartile range, and whiskers represent 5 th and 95 th percentiles.

    Article Snippet: The monoclonal antibodies IBP163, IBP182 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (IBP182 HRP ), recombinant human CT‐IGFBP‐4, amino‐terminal fragment of IGFBP‐4 (NT‐IGFBP‐4), and IGFBP‐4 were obtained from HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland.

    Techniques:

    Receiver operator characteristic analysis of the clinical prediction model, N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), CT‐IGFBP‐4, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and their combinations. Prediction of all‐cause mortality at 1 month (A) and 1 year (B) by NT‐proBNP, CT‐IGFBP‐4, CRP, and their combinations. P < 0.001 for all ROC curves compared with 0.5 curves.

    Journal: ESC Heart Failure

    Article Title: CT‐IGFBP‐4 as a novel prognostic biomarker in acute heart failure

    doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12590

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Receiver operator characteristic analysis of the clinical prediction model, N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), CT‐IGFBP‐4, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and their combinations. Prediction of all‐cause mortality at 1 month (A) and 1 year (B) by NT‐proBNP, CT‐IGFBP‐4, CRP, and their combinations. P < 0.001 for all ROC curves compared with 0.5 curves.

    Article Snippet: The monoclonal antibodies IBP163, IBP182 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (IBP182 HRP ), recombinant human CT‐IGFBP‐4, amino‐terminal fragment of IGFBP‐4 (NT‐IGFBP‐4), and IGFBP‐4 were obtained from HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland.

    Techniques:

    Kaplan–Meier survival curve for patients according to N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), CT‐IGFBP‐4, and C‐reactive protein levels. The patients are divided into two groups (A) or three groups (B) according to the NT‐proBNP (‘Increased’: ≥3078 pg/mL) and CT‐IGFBP‐4 (‘Increased’: ≥92.5 ng/mL) levels as indicated in the legends. Log‐rank P ‐values were <0.001 for all figures.

    Journal: ESC Heart Failure

    Article Title: CT‐IGFBP‐4 as a novel prognostic biomarker in acute heart failure

    doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12590

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaplan–Meier survival curve for patients according to N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), CT‐IGFBP‐4, and C‐reactive protein levels. The patients are divided into two groups (A) or three groups (B) according to the NT‐proBNP (‘Increased’: ≥3078 pg/mL) and CT‐IGFBP‐4 (‘Increased’: ≥92.5 ng/mL) levels as indicated in the legends. Log‐rank P ‐values were <0.001 for all figures.

    Article Snippet: The monoclonal antibodies IBP163, IBP182 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (IBP182 HRP ), recombinant human CT‐IGFBP‐4, amino‐terminal fragment of IGFBP‐4 (NT‐IGFBP‐4), and IGFBP‐4 were obtained from HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland.

    Techniques: